> Transistors form an efficient, single element, universal digital basis

But transistors can be N or P-channel, so it’s not a single logical primitive, like e.g. NAND-gates.

True.

NAND also use both N and P-channel transistors, and have to use at least the same number, but frequently many more transistors for anything non-trivial.

But as you point out, as a computational basis, pass transistors have two variants.

The Panama and Suez Canals charge fees because they are artificial passageways, created by the blood and sweat of thousands. Both were huge investments.

The Panama Canal had cost 400-500 million USD and 25-30k lives to construct, when it opened in 1914.

The Suez Canal cost around 100 million USD and 100-120k lives to build in 1869.

Charging for transit through man-made infrastructure is fundamentally different from charging for passage through a natural international waterway.

My experience is that most of these are slipups, completely unintended, and that a kind reminder is actually appreciated.

Cutomers are mid-sized companies (60-600 employees, give or take) all based in Europe FWIW.

> There is nothing special about roman concrete compared to moderns concrete. Modern concrete is much better

Roman concrete is special because it is much more self-healing than modern concrete, and thus more durable.

However, that comes at the cost of being much less strong, set much slower and require rare ingredients. Roman concrete also doesn’t play nice with steel reinforcement.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_concrete

> Surströmming

That smell though! You can evacuate a small town by opening a can of this.

You’re supposed to open the can in a bucket of water outside with a good breeze. Once it’s rinsed and prepped on crackers or focaccia it’s not bad.

It's still pretty bad tbh.

Also: focaccia? you're supposed to eat it with tunnbröd, boiled potatoes and sour cream!

Ja, tunnbröd, potatis o gräddfil är standard men det gott på focaccias med lite aoli. Provade det för första gången i Luleå.

Huh, där ser man! Hade aldrig kommit på tanken att blanda aoli och surströmming!

Fast å andra sidan slipper jag helst att blanda mig och surströmming också, om det går!

Yeah I know, but still.. IMO it doesn’t exactly smell like roses :D

I think you have to be Swedish or have grown up eating such stuff to think otherwise.

> I think organisms also come with a partial built in understanding of nature at birth

I agree. Most organisms are quite pre-trained: they have “instincts” and natural behaviors.

E.g. newly hatched turtles know to crawl towards the ocean immediately when they hatch. They don’t learn that on their way.

It seems to me that most lifeforms come into this world pre-trained.

Z3 is capable (it’s an SMT solver, not just SAT), but it’s not very fast at boolean satifiability and not at all competitive with modern SOTA SAT solvers. Try comparing it to Chaff or Glucose e.g.

Interesting point! Is this an Americanism?

I’m from northern Europe. I might use the micro to heat up leftovers or a cup of water for tea or whatever in a pinch, but in this household (and at all my friends’), the stove and the oven cooks the food. I know literally no-one who could say they cook most meals in the micro.

I didn’t have a microwave oven before we bought a house. It took up too much space to justify, for such a relatively rarely-used appliance.

American here, I haven't owned a microwave in over a decade.

I think OP is just an outlier.

Same. Microwave is mainly used for defrosting or warming up leftovers. Maybe baking a potato in a rush, it works and it's faster but it's not as good as oven-baked.

Very much is. "Software programs, as such" are exempt in the EPC article 52. However if the software program interacts with the world - if it has a "further technical effect" - it is patentable.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_patents_under_the_Eur...

> Consider Brazilian jiu-jitsu, which is certainly not safe but is very grounding

What :D? I would say BJJ is an exceptionally safe martial art in that you can spar at 90-95% and not get hurt at all. Muay Thai or boxing sparring gives you regular bruises in comparison. At least that’s my experience.

Sure, for a martial art it's pretty safe - still in a different league from (say) bouldering or lifting, though!

And in solo sports, you can almost completely set your own safety budget, whereas in martial arts there's a large irreducible lump of danger from "the other person lacks the control to do something safely". The only other person I know in person who does BJJ who I didn't meet at BJJ is a brown belt, and just got a four-month leg injury during a routine rolling session; I myself am only just over a five-month chest injury that was probably from someone very heavy simply throwing himself down on top of me when I didn't react in time (obviously he shouldn't have done that, but I can't control what other people do).

Also how on earth are you managing not to get bruises at BJJ?! My legs are covered in them after pretty much every session just from sustained pressure.

Wow okay. Maybe my club is “gentle”, I’ve never had a single injury from BJJ.

I’ve had some from lifting weights.

I see your point about solo sports.

> Also how on earth are you managing not to get bruises at BJJ

Oh I get “finger marks” on the arms for sure, but never got a black eye or a nosebleed from BJJ. I got that quite regularly from boxing and muay thai/MMA training.

Fair enough, I got three black eyes within my first three months! The injury situation definitely gets better as you improve and when you train with more skilled people.