Negotiating as an individual in a market made up by large blocks makes you very easy to ignore. If everyone moved off employer insurance and into the market then, assuming we didn't have massive market corruption (which I think is a pretty big assumption), we'd all be on an even playing field. Asking individuals to do this independently is just a recipe for them to fail.
I think auto insurance is a good indicator of how it would play out if you made everyone do individual insurance. Insurance would still likely need to be legally mandated, like auto insurance, so that the insurance market would be solvent.
From there, insurance would likely break down into high cost / high coverage, mid cost / mid coverage, low cost / legally mandated minimum coverage.
The poor would end up with the low cost / minimum coverage plans as cost would likely end up being the main motivating factor. Given that 6-in-10 Americans can not afford an unexpected $500 bill (https://www.cbs19news.com/story/34248451/6-in-10-americans-d...), this would likely be the coverage level chosen by about half of Americans. These policies would be affordable, but I expect the deductibles and co-pays would be high enough to make it prohibitively expensive for policy holders to actually get much utility from them.
The other half would end up with the better plans, unless they were more comfortable with risk and elected for the cheaper plans. Their lot is probably pretty similar to today.
That article says that 60% of Americans don't have $500 in a savings account, not that they don't have $500. Savings accounts are an anachronism, it is like saying Americans don't have phones if they don't have a landline. By that standard, I'm flat broke.
Americans can afford a $500 expense just fine. The median American household has ~$1000/month left over after all ordinary living expenses, per the US Bureau of Labor and Statistics.
That infamous bankrate.com "study" is misleading in similar ways; they define terms in a way no reasonable person would to support a desired conclusion. Same for "retirement savings" and a bunch of other financial topics where the terms are misleadingly defined to create a dramatic headline. These are all clickbait articles that have been debunked countless times, and any careful reading of the studies indicates why.
Start from the well-sourced fact that median American households have ~$1000 per month to spend without sacrificing anything, and work from there. This can't be true at the same time all of those breathless headlines about broke Americans is also true. Without fail, if you dig into the details, the headlines are grossly misleading. The percentage of Americans that truly have no capacity to deal with significant unplanned expenses -- per Federal Reserve studies -- is 10-15%. A not inconsiderable number of people but far less than implied by the clickbait.
Average Americans have extraordinary amounts of discretionary income compared to almost anywhere else in the world. Americans both have a low savings rate and they have large amounts of money available to save.
