As far as the Constitution goes, non-citizens have the same rights as citizens (at least for all the rights given to "persons") and there's no carveout actually in the Constitution for national security or immigration. Practically you have a point given case law but even in cases of immigration and national security these Constitutional rights still apply (regardless of what any branch of either Congress or the president try to do).
It may come as a shocking surprise here, but human rights are not actually conferred by the Constitution or any other piece of paper.
Human rights are “endowed by our Creator” and so the actual function of the Constitution is to protect those rights, and any logical person could reason that our Creator would probably not endow only certain persons or citizens with those rights.
Others do have constitutional rights, but the legislative and executive hold plenary powers in the realm of national security and immigration.